说明文是讲解事物的特点、本质、性能、结构、作用与功效或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的,如:自然环境,仪表设施等;也可以是抽象的,如定义定律等。
说明文的写作相对于论说文来讲,有肯定的套路可循,因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用概念法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等;说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然,伴随对象的不同,具体应该使用的办法也会有所不同。

说明文的写作需要注意的事情有下面什么时间:??

1.语言简明扼要,通俗易懂,防止夸张华丽的辞藻,要把真实的一面展示在读者面前。

2.说明时必须要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多,但不可以喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序尤为重要。适当的次序会使文章条理了解,脉络明晰。因此,训练时可以尝试不一样的次序进行写作,找出最适当的一种。

4.因为说明文写实性较强,有时难免会叫人感到没生气。因此,可以适合用一些比喻、拟人等修辞方法,来增加文章的色彩。

下面是一篇说明一所医院布局的文章。文章虽短,但需要说明的内容却达11处之多。平均一句话就要描写一处,假如组织得不好,便会给人凌乱的感觉。

为了防止这一点,文章把整个布局图分三部分来写:

贯彻医院的是main road,第一部分以大门为参照物,介绍了靠大门且通过main road东西相对的急诊楼和门诊楼。

第二部分以湖为参照物,中心线还是main road,介绍其他分诊楼、实验室、放射室等。

第三部分写main road尽头的建筑物。

如此,繁多的细节看上去井井有条。因此,选择好主线及参照物是决定文章成功的重点。

Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition aboutTHE LAYOUT OF A HOSPITAL. Locate some important departments in the hospital based on the information given below.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.

(1)the Emergency Department??

(2)the Out-patient Department??

(3)the Surgery Department?

(4)the Dispensary??

(5)the Physician Department??

(6)the Eye,Ear,and Throat Department ??

(7)the Dental Department??

(8)the Laboratory?

(9)the X-ray Department??

(10)the Administrative1 Building??

(11)the Ward2

Sample:

The Layout of a Hospital Near the gate,on the westside of the road is the Emergency Department. Opposite the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department. The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary,which face the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the road.Along the west wall,from south to north,stand three buildings:the Physician Department,the Eye,Ear,and Throat Department,and the Dental Department. The Laboratory is to the northwest of the round about,and beside the Laboratory,the X-ray Department is located on the same side of the road. A winding3 road by the lake leads to the Ward.Near the end of the Main Road,the Administrative Building is situated4 on the east side.The hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out.